» … here is the net. I am not going to type all my points again. Here is
» the summary.
»
» 1. The japanese paper is “lite-science”; you should read all the
» keto/nizoral research before attempting to argue with me on this subject
»
» 2. The hair stimulant reference that they cite is laughable and almost
» certainly nothing to do with fighting MPB
»
» 3. You are confused about topical and systemic. Topical is a mode of
» application that we use to try to localize the impact of a potentially
» dangerous drug in our fight against MPB. Topical does not mean that the
» drug is not absorbed, it has to be in order to work. It does mean that we
» are trying to limit the systemic increase of the the drug concentration.
» The reason topicals work is that the chemical pathways act out locally
» on/in the hair cells, i.e. INTERNALLY. This is another area where we need
» clarity on our language.
»
» 4. Modes of action. Maybe their is some receptor down-regulation; I think
» the paper is not detailed enough. The hair stimulant refernce is crap.
» Inflammatory impact of the immune response is quite interesting; I suggest
» you go read Scientific American from about 3 months ago on this subject.
»
» 5. Go read the WHO paper “Endocrine Disruptors”; it will give you some
» good basic material on the major mechanism of ketoconazole on the hormone
» system.
»
» 6. Don’t attack me with one poor piece of research and loose language. Go
» and do you homework.
»
» 7. I will not comment on you crappy posts again until you get educated and
» stop regurgitating nonsense. I advise others to do likewise.
»
» gc.
In response to my own post, there does appear to be evidence that in addition to impacting hormone pathways, Ketoconazole does bind to a wide variety of cell receptors…
Ketoconazole binds to the human androgen receptor.Eil C.
Department of Internal Medicine, Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland.
Ketoconazole, an imidazole anti-fungal agent, has often produced features of androgen deficiency including decreased libido, gynecomastia, impotence, oligospermia, and decreased testosterone levels, in men being treated for chronic mycotic infections. Based on these potent effects on gonadal function in vivo as well as previous work in vitro demonstrating affinity of ketoconazole for receptor proteins for glucocorticoids and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and for sex steroid binding globulin (SSBG), the binding of ketoconazole to human androgen receptors (AR) in vitro was also examined. Ketoconazole competition with [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881) for androgen binding sites in dispersed, intact cultured human skin fibroblasts was determined at 22 degrees C. Fifty percent displacement of [3H]R1881 binding to AR was achieved by 6.4 +/- 1.8 (SE) x 10(-5) M ketoconazole. Additional binding studies performed with ketoconazole in the presence of increasing amounts of [3H]R1881 showed that the interaction of ketoconazole with AR was competitive when the data were analyzed by the Scatchard method. It should be noted, however, that the dose of ketoconazole required for 50% occupancy of the androgen receptor is not likely to be achieved in vivo, at least in plasma. Finally, androgen binding studies performed with other imidazoles, such as clotrimazole, miconazole, and fluconozole, revealed that in this class of compounds only ketoconazole appears to interact with the androgen receptor. Ketoconazole appears to be the first example of a non-steroidal compound which binds competitively to both SSBG and multiple steroid hormone receptors, suggesting that the ligand binding sites of these proteins share some features in common.
PMID: 1526623 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]