» At this point…most of my decision is based on what Intercytex has to say
» about this. If they are looking for a partner with an existing
» infrastructure i.e Bosley…then we pretty much are out of luck. However,
» if they are interested in partners who are willing to fund trials or
» pursue commercilzation then we do have a chance. I’ll let u guys know when
» Intercytex replies to my mail.
In my opinion it would be a mistake to focus only on one HM company. As I already said: about 90 % of drugs fail during clinical trials. So we should support more than one research group! And we should support more than one research direction! HM will surely be a major step forward concerning hairloss therapy. But in my opinion it won´t be the ideal therapy. HM (at least first generation HM) will most probably only work together with a classic hair transplantation (you will probably need a classic hair transplanation to guarantee a natural hairline), you will probably have scars in the donor area, it will be a high-cost therapy, it will be a therapy only for some thousands of people as it can only be performed in highly specialized therapy centres and it will have to be repeated regularly as your hairloss continues. So HM won´t be a cure for millions of people, who suffer from hairloss. In my opinion we should also support other research projects, that have the potential to become such a holy grail therapy. As far as I can see gene therapy holds the greatest potential to become such a therapy. There have been several exciting research results concerning hair gene therapy since 1995, when AntiCancer Inc. demonstrated, that new genes can be delivered to hair follicles safely and selectively by liposomes ( DERMATEK ). More than 13 years have passed since AntiCancer published this landmark paper and gene therapy has finally arrived at a point, that makes a hair regeneration gene therapy realistic in the foreseeable future. So in my opinion a visionary consortium would not only support HM, but also other innovative research projects.
In my opinion there are at least four other researchers, who should be considered for funding:
- Dr. Robert Hoffman
Dr. Hoffman is the CEO of the small US biotech company Anti Cancer Inc. The AntiCancer researchers can be considered as one of the pioneers of biomedical hair research. Already in 1995 they showed, that therapeutic genes can be delivered selectively, effectively and safely to the hair follicle cells by using harmless fat bubbles (=liposomes). This study from 1995 was one of the first really significant breakthroughs for biomedical hair research and still the AntiCancer researchers belong to the best gene transport researchers of the world. It is extremly important to solve the problem of gene transport. Only if the therapeutic genes reach the hair follicle stem cells, a permanent cure for hairloss will be possible.
Selected Links:
http://www.anticancer.com (Homepage of Anticancer Inc.)
http://www.accessexcellence.org/WN/SUA06/bald.html
Selected Publications:
Hoffman, R.M., Margolis, L.B., and Bergelson, L.D. Binding and entrapment of high molecular weight DNA by lecithin liposomes. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, FEBS Letters 93, 365-368, 1978
Li, L., and Hoffman, R.M. Hair growth and hair follicle proliferation in histocultured mouse skin. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, The Molecular and Structural Biology of Hair 642, 506-509, 1991
Li, L. and Hoffman, R.M. The feasibility of targeted selective gene therapy of the hair follicle. Nature Medicine 1, 705-706, 1995
Li, L. and Hoffman, R.M. Model of selective gene therapy of hair growth: liposome targeting of the active Lac-Z gene to hair follicles of histocultured skin. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. 31A, 11-13, 1995
Li, L. and Hoffman, R.M. Topical liposome delivery of molecules to hair follicles in mice. J. Derm. Sci. 14, 101-108, 1997
Hoffman, R.M. Topical liposome targeting of dyes, melanins, genes, and proteins selectively to hair follicles. J. Drug Targeting 5, 67-74, 1997.
Saito, N., Zhao, M., Li.L., Baranov, E., Yang, M., Ohta, Y., Katsuoka, K., Penman, S., and Hoffman R.M. High efficiency genetic modification of hair follicles and growing hair shafts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 99, 1310-1314, 2002Hoffman, R.M. The hair follicle as a gene therapy target. Nature Biotechnology 18, 20-21, 2000.
Li, L., Mignone, J., Yang. M., Matic, M., Penman, S., Enikolopov, G. Nestin Expression in hair follicle sheath progenitor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100(17), 9958-9961, 2003
- Dr. Angela Christiano
Dr. Christiano is doing her research at the Columbia University/New York. There she discovered the first gene associated with hair growth in 1998, the so-called hairless-gene. In the meantime Dr. Christiano has found several other hair growth related genes and she is doing specific studies for men and women to find the genes responsible for androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. She founded the biotech start-up Skinetics Bioscience in order to start human clinical trials to stop unwanted hair growth. In the future she also wants to start human clinical trials to regenerate hair growth. Dr. Christiano is interested in gene therapy and and cell therapy (often also called hair cloning/hair multiplication) research.
Selected Links:
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol23/vol23_iss14/13.html
http://www.hairsite.com/library/abst-78.htm
Selected publications:
Ahmad, W., ul Haque, M.F., Brancolini, V., Tsou, H.C., ul Haque, S., Lam, H.M., Aita, V.M., Owen, J., deBlaquiere, M., Frank, J.A., Cserhalmi-Friedman, P.B., Leask, A., McGrath, J., Peacocke, M., Ahmad, M., Ott, J. and Christiano, A.M. (1998) Alopecia Universalis Associated with a Mutation in the Human hairless Gene. Science 279:720-724.
Frank, J., Pignata, C., Panteleyev, A.A., Prowse, D.M., Baden, H., Weiner, L., Gaetaniello, L., Ahmad, W., Pozzi, N., Cserhalmi-Friedman, P.B., Aita, V.M., Uyttendaele, H., Gordon, D., Ott, J., Brissette, J.L. and Christiano, A.M. (1999) Exposing the Human Nude Phenotype. Nature 398:473-474.
Panteleyev, A.A., Jahoda, C.A.B. and Christiano, A.M. (2001) Hair Follicle Predetermination. J. Cell Science 114:3419-3431.
Kljuic, A., Bazzi, H., Sundberg, J.P., Martinez-Mir, A., O’Shaughnessy, R., Mahoney, M.G., Levy, M., Montagutelli, X., Ahmad, W., Aita, V.M.,Gordon, D., Uitto, J., Whiting, D., Ott, J., Fischer, S., Gilliam, T.C., Jahoda, C.A.B., Morris, R.J., Panteleyev, A.A., Nguyen, V.T. and Christiano, A.M. (2003) Desmoglein 4 in hair follicle differentiation and epidermal adhesion: Evidence from inherited hypotrichosis and acquired pemphigus vulgaris. Cell 113:249-260.
-Prof. Elaine Fuchs
Prof. Fuchs (who has worked for many years at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute) is doing her research at the Rockefeller University. Prof. Fuchs belongs to the best developmental researchers of the world und was elected to be the president of the well-known American Society of Cell Biology in 2002. Already in 1998 she could show in animal studies, that it is possible to create completely new hair follicles by using the ß-catenin signal pathway. With this groundbreaking study Prof. Fuchs has opened the possibility, that in the future even completely bald people could have a full head of hair again. Recently Prof. Fuchs has also become very interested in hair stem cells.
Selected Links:
http://www.hhmi.org/fuchs
http://www.hhmi.org/news/fuchs2.html
http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/fuchs.html
Selected publications:
Guo L, Degenstein L, Fuchs E: Keratinocyte growth factor is required for hair development but not for wound healing. Genes Dev (United States), Jan 15 1996, 10(2) p165-75
Gat U, Das Gupta R, Degenstein L, et al.: De Novo hair follicle morphogenesis and hair tumors in mice expressing a truncated beta-catenin in skin. Cell (United States), Nov 25 1998, 95(5) p605-14
Das Gupta R, Fuchs E: Multiple roles for activated LEF/TCF transcription complexes during hair follicle development and differentiation. Development (England), Oct 1999, 126(20) p4557-68
Fuchs E, Merrill BJ, Jamora C, et al.: At the roots of a never-ending cycle. Dev Cell (United States), Jul 2001, 1(1) p13-25
Das Gupta R, Rhee H, Fuchs E: A developmental conundrum: a stabilized form of beta-catenin lacking the transcriptional activation domain triggers features of hair cell fate in epidermal cells and epidermal cell fate in hair follicle cells. J Cell Biol (United States), Jul 22 2002, 158(2) p331-44
Alonso L, Fuchs E: Stem cells in the skin: waste not, Wnt not. Genes Dev (United States), May 15 2003, 17(10) p1189-200
Alonso L, Fuchs E: Stem cells of the skin epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (United States), Sep 30 2003, 100 Suppl 1 p11830-5
- Prof. Dr. med. Ralf Paus
Prof. Paus, one of the most innovative German hair researchers, works at the University of Luebeck. In cooperation with other German hair resarchers he is researching e.g. TGFß/BMP-signals during hair follicle development. The aim of this project is the realization of an old dream of hair research: the de novo induction of human hair follicles in vitro out of adult cell cultures.
Additionally Prof. Paus has just finished animal studies with a new exciting therapy option against alopecia areata and is currently looking for a pharma/biotech partner in order to start human clinical trials.
Selected links:
http://home.foni.net/~magerl/
http://www.ukl.uni-freiburg.de/spp1028/projects.htm
Selected Publications:
Paus R, Handjiski B, Czarnetzki BM, et al.: Biology of the hair follicle. Hautarzt (Germany), Nov 1994, 45(11) p808-25; quiz 824-5
Paus R, Peters EM, Eichmuller S, et al:.Neural mechanisms of hair growth control. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc (United States), Aug 1997, 2(1) p61-8
Paus R, Foitzik K, Welker P, et al.: Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I and type II expression during murine hair follicle development and cycling. J Invest Dermatol (United States), Oct 1997, 109(4) p518-26
Stenn KS, Paus R: Controls of hair follicle cycling. Physiol Rev (United States), Jan 2001, 81(1) p449-494
Tobin DJ, Paus R: Graying: gerontobiology of the hair follicle pigmentary unit. Exp Gerontol (England), Jan 2001, 36(1) p29-54
Nakamura M, Sundberg JP, Paus R: Mutant laboratory mice with abnormalities in hair follicle morphogenesis, cycling, and/or structure: annotated tables. Exp Dermatol (Denmark), Dec 2001, 10(6) p369-90
Best wishes
Andreas